Occlusion Là Gì

The balloon occlusion chạy thử (BOT) is a medical technique that is employed khổng lồ determine if an artery can be transiently blocked without significantly affecting blood flow to lớn the organ concerned. It is conducted before sacrificing the artery, và helps lớn predict the outcome of some types of vascular surgery, as well as khổng lồ decide the best course of treatment.

Bạn đang xem: Occlusion là gì

The BOT is routinely done & widely accepted in the management of patients affected by aneurysms & those with tumors of the head & neck, as well as intracranial tumors. It is especially employed in the latter cases for those patients who have a high chance of requiring prolonged intraoperative internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion.

Coronary Angiogram imaging, before, và after 3 stents, & ballooning of two occlusions was performed intravenously by a cardiac surgeon. A life saving intervention for the 54 year old man. Image Credit: KellyNelson/ Shutterstock

The Importance of the BOT

It is imperative to lớn conduct a BOT before such surgeries, because surgeons must be able to ascertain that there is sufficient collateral circulation khổng lồ the brain, for example, before commencing deconstructive procedures khổng lồ treat vascular diseases. Insufficient collateral circulation may lead lớn an iatrogenic stroke during endovascular procedures that deconstruct the vessels. X-rays are necessary in addition lớn the use of specialized dyes that are used khổng lồ generate detailed images of the vascular network. In addition to X-rays and dyes, a small inflatable balloon is needed to lớn block the flow of blood within the vessel being studied.

The History of Carotid Occlusion

There is a significant risk of intraoperative bleeding when managing tumors of the head and neck, as well as intracranial vascular diseases. In order to reduce this risk during surgical procedures, carotid occlusion may be necessary. Historically, several methods have been applied to lớn accomplish this feat. These include occlusion done under local anesthesia with removal bands, and the application of manual percutaneous pressure.

If the patient did not exhibit any signs or symptoms during these tests, then they were considered negative. However, there have always been some cases in which neurological deficits of late onset occurred.

Thanks to advancements in medicine, science và technology, that allowed for the measurement of cerebral flow during occlusion, it is possible khổng lồ immediately detect subtle inadequacies in collateral circulation, which could otherwise present as neurological damage of late onset. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging with the help of Tc-ECD or HMPAO is an example of a widely used method that may be employed with the BOT. This can generate information to lớn guide surgeons in their approach to treating their patients, and help them to determine how far they may proceed with their operations.

Summary of the BOT Procedure

An angiogram is required before a BOT can be carried out. Angiograms are examinations of blood vessels performed with the use of X-rays và a special dye lớn visualize the vessels. Once the pictures are obtained, a catheter with a built-in balloon is advanced through lớn the blood vessel of interest. After it is in position, it is inflated lớn block the flow of blood.

Xem thêm: Nghĩa Của Từ Shaolin Là Gì ? Nghĩa Của Từ Shaolin Võ Thiếu Lâm

Before this disruption in the flow of blood, patients are given medication to prevent clotting of blood once the flow is interrupted in the vessel of interest.

During the inflation of the balloon, a series of clinical tests, involving neurological function, among others, is conducted. In the presence of good collateral circulation, no neurological deficits are noted during this time, và the BOT is considered to lớn be negative, which indicates arterial sacrifice for surgical management is possible. However, if the patient develops any signs and/ or symptoms of transient neurological dysfunction during the BOT, the balloon is immediately deflated, upon which the indicators of poor collateral circulation usually resolve straightaway.

Sources

Further Reading

Last Updated: Nov 27, 2018

Written by

Dr. Damien Jonas Wilson

Dr. Damien Jonas Wilson is a medical doctor from St. Martin in the Caribbean. He was awarded his Medical Degree (MD) from the University of Zagreb Teaching Hospital. His training in general medicine & surgery compliments his degree in biomolecular engineering (BASc.Eng.) from Utrecht, the Netherlands. During this degree, he completed a dissertation in the field of oncology at the Harvard Medical School/ Massachusetts General Hospital. Dr. Wilson currently works in the UK as a medical practitioner.

Please use one of the following formats to lớn cite this article in your essay, paper or report:

APA

Wilson, Damien Jonas. (2018, November 27). What is a Balloon Occlusion Test?. binhkhipho.vn. Retrieved on May 09, 2023 from https://www.binhkhipho.vn/health/What-is-a-Balloon-Occlusion-Test.aspx.

MLA

Wilson, Damien Jonas. "What is a Balloon Occlusion Test?". binhkhipho.vn. 09 May 2023. .

Chicago

Wilson, Damien Jonas. "What is a Balloon Occlusion Test?". binhkhipho.vn. Https://www.binhkhipho.vn/health/What-is-a-Balloon-Occlusion-Test.aspx. (accessed May 09, 2023).

Harvard

Wilson, Damien Jonas. 2018. What is a Balloon Occlusion Test?. binhkhipho.vn, viewed 09 May 2023, https://www.binhkhipho.vn/health/What-is-a-Balloon-Occlusion-Test.aspx.

The opinions expressed here are the views of the writer & do not necessarily reflect the views và opinions of News Medical.