Tàu apollo 13

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The Apollo 13 spaceflight was launched from Kennedy Space Center, Cape Kennedy, Florida, by a giant Saturn V launch vehicle and minutes later was inserted into orbit around Earth.

The three astronauts of Apollo 13 were commander Jim Lovell, lunar module pilot Fred Haise, và command module pilot Jack Swigert.

On April 13 a loud explosion was heard by the Apollo 13 crew. The crew radioed mission control: "Houston, we’ve had a problem." As the seriousness of the situation became apparent, mission control announced that the mission now was not a lunar landing but instead was khổng lồ swing around the Moon in an attempt to lớn get the astronauts safely home.

The command module of Apollo 13 entered Earth’s atmosphere và splashed down on target on April 17 at 1:07 PM Eastern Standard Time. The mission has been referred to as a successful failure, in that all the crew members survived a catastrophic accident.

Apollo 13, U.S. Spaceflight, launched on April 11, 1970, that suffered an oxygen tank explosion en route to the Moon, threatening the lives of three astronauts—commander Jim Lovell, lunar module pilot Fred Haise, and command module pilot Jack Swigert.

Houston, we’ve had a problem

When the astronauts first transferred into and activated Aquarius, Apollo 13 was about trăng tròn hours from the Moon. Plans were made for transferring out of the hybrid trajectory and onto the free-return trajectory, a maneuver that was executed in the early morning hours of April 14. At mission control, teams of experts worked to check out all feasible maneuvers & situations in flight simulators, feeding every plan and contingency through computers. Leaders from all parts of the world voiced concern, & from Soviet Premier Aleksey N. Kosygin came the message that “the Soviet Government has given orders to lớn all citizens và members of the armed forces lớn use all necessary means lớn render assistance in the rescue of the American astronauts.” Four Soviet ships began moving toward the planned recovery area, while French & British warships also moved khổng lồ the rescue. Radio liên hệ with Apollo 13 was lost during the evening of April 14 as the craft swung behind the Moon, passing at an altitude of 264 km (164 miles) at the closest approach. (Since their trajectory had a higher lunar altitude than other Apollo missions, Apollo 13 set the record for farthest flight from Earth of 401,056 km <249,205 miles>.) Soon afterward the spacecraft started along its return path home. Meanwhile, the long-since-discarded S IVB third stage crashed onto the Moon—it had followed an independent trajectory—as part of a planned experiment to cause an artificial moonquake to aid scientists in understanding the nature of the lunar interior. When the astronauts learned from Houston of the stage’s impact, Swigert radioed back, “Well, at least something worked on this flight.…I’m sure glad we didn’t have an LM impact too!”

About two hours later the descent stage propulsion system of the lunar module was ignited for 5 seconds at 10 percent throttle, 21 seconds at 40 percent throttle, and almost 4 minutes at full throttle. This added 941 km (585 miles) per hour to Apollo 13’s velocity, thereby cutting by 10 hours the length of the homeward journey và ensuring a splashdown in the Pacific Ocean south of Samoa. On board the spacecraft, oxygen stores remained sufficient, as did cooling water. The astronauts reduced their consumption of drinking water lớn six ounces per day và their consumption of electricity by 80 percent. However, the lunar module’s lithium hydroxide cartridges that removed carbon dioxide from the air would last only about 50 hours, và those from the command module were not designed to lớn fit Aquarius. Therefore, engineers on the ground devised a makeshift adapter scheme, radioing to Apollo 13 instructions on how khổng lồ attach the cartridges from the command module to the lunar module hoses. The job was done, & Haise reported, “Our do-it-yourself lithium hydroxide canister change is complete.”